The article provides information on syndrome of undernutrition in internal diseases according to current concepts. The authors characterize endogenous and exogenous factors contributing to the weight loss, adverse changes in various body systems of patients with undernutrition, their physical, physiological and mental disorders, causes of diseases-associated undernutrition and describe the international classification of undernutrition based on phenotypic and etiological criteria, which was worked out by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition in 2018. Particular attention is paid to the weight loss in elderly, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oncopathology, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and thyroid hyperfunction. The authors describe the causes of undernutrition in the systemic inflammatory response, characterize hypermetabolism and refeeding syndrome, which occurs as a result of reintroducing food after malnourishment. The article outlines that undernutrition can be associated with such side effects of drugs as impairment of taste, smell, development of anorexia, dry mouth, dysphagia, nausea and vomiting and claims the importance of diagnosing of undernutrition associated with somatic pathology and contributing to the course and outcomes of diseases.
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- Поступила 22.02.2021 г.