In the modern world, there is discrimination against older people because of their age, called ageism. It can manifest itself either in the form of discriminatory policies of States or companies, or in the form of psychological or physical violence against third-age persons. This type of discrimination was described in the 60s of the XX century, but concern about this phenomenon at the level of who and the UN arose only in the early 2000s. Research has established many causes of ageism: negative stereotypes about older people, upbringing, negative experience of interaction between older people and other age groups, etc. There are explicit and latent, deliberate and unintentional ageism. Proposed various methods for the identification of ageism. The article examines the causes of this type of discrimination, forms of its manifestation and existing research methods, and based on the literature data, offers suggestions for possible ways to combat ageism.
- 1. Доклад II Всемирной Ассамблеи ООН по проблемам старения: аналит. обзор, апр. 2002 [Текст] // Организация Объединенных Наций. – Мадрид, 2002. – 92 c.
- 2. Доклад Верховного комиссара Организации Объединенных Наций по правам человека [Электронный ресурс] // Основная сессия 2012 года. – Женева, 23–27 июля 2012 года.
- 3. Колпина, Л. В. Эйджизм в обслуживании пожилых граждан учреждениями здравоохранения и социальной защиты: Монография. – Ульяновск: Зебра, 2015. – 128 с.
- 4. Краснова, О. В. Стереотипы пожилых и отношение к ним [Текст] / О. В. Краснова // Психология зрелости и старения. – М.: Центр Геронтолог, 1998. – С. 10–18.
- 5. Микляева, А. В. Методы исследования эйджизма: зарубежный опыт / А. В. Микляева // Известия РГПУ им. А. И. Герцена. – 2009. – № 100.
- 6. Писарев, А. В. Образ пожилых в современной России [Текст] / А. В. Писарев // Социологические исследования. – 2004. – № 4. – С. 51–56.
- 7. Пучков, П. В. Концептуальные основания превенции геронтологического насилия в современном российском обществе [Текст]: автореф. дис. ... дра социол. наук / П. В. Пучков. – Саратов, 2009. – 33 с.
- 8. Bell, J. In search of a discourse on aging: The elderly on television [Текст] / Bell J. // The Gerontologist. – 1992. – № 32. – Р. 305–311.
- 9. Becca, R. Levy, Martin D. Slade, Stanislav V. Kasl, Suzanne R. Kunkel // Longevity Increased by Positive SelfPerceptions of Aging.
- 10. Butler, R. N. Ageism: Another form of bigotry / R. N. Butler // The Gerontologist, – 1969. – Vol. 9. – Р. 243–246.
- 11. Dena Bunis / 7 Myths About the Aging Brain / AARP // https://www.aarp.org/health/brainhealth/info2017/commonmythsagingbrainsfd.html.
- 12. Duncan, C. Ageism and Employment: Controversies, Ambiguities and Younger People’s Perceptions / C. Duncan, P. White, W. Loretto // Ageing and Society. – 2000. – № 20. – P. 279–302.
- 13. Martel, M. V. Agesex roles in American magazine fiction (1830–1955) / М. V. Martel // Middle Age and Aging / In B. Neugarten (Ed.) – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968. – Р. 58–76.
- 14. Global Health and Aging // National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services – NIH Publication № 117737, 2011.
- 15. Nelson, T. D. Ageism: Prejudice against our feared future self / T. D. Nelson // Journal of Social Issues. – 2005. – Vol. 61, № 2. – P. 207–221.
- 16. Perceptions of Ageism in Health and Social Services in Ireland: Report based on research undertaken by Eileen McGlone and Fiona Fitzgerald // National Council on Ageing and Older
- People. – 2005. – 138 р.
- 17. Rodin, J. The decline of control and the fall of selfesteem / J. Rodin, E. Langer // Journal of Social. Issues. – 1980. – № 36. – Р. 12–29.
- 18. Stearns, P. J. Old age family conflict: The perspective of the past / P. J. Stearns // In K. A. Pillemer & R. S. Wolf (Eds.) // Elder abuse: Conflict in the family. – Dover, MA: Auburn House Publishing, 1986. – P. 3–24.
- 19. Ventrell, C. Ageism // Encyclopedia of Aging. – Monsees, 2002.
- References
- 1. Report of the II UN World Assembly on Aging: analyte. review, apr. 2002 [Text] // Organizacija Ob#edinennyh Nacij. – Madrid, 2002. – 92 c.
- 2. Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights [Electronic resource] // Osnovnaja sessija 2012 goda. – Zheneva, 23–27 ijulja 2012 goda.
- 3. Kolpina, L. V. Ageism in health care and social welfare services for senior citizens: Monograph. – Ul’janovsk: Zebra, 2015. – 128 s.
- 4. Krasnova, O. V. Stereotypes and attitudes towards older people [Text] / O. V. Krasnova // Psihologija zrelosti i starenija. – M.: Centr Gerontolog, 1998. – S. 10–18.
- 5. Mikljaeva, A. V. Ageism research methods: foreign experience / A. V. Mikljaeva // Izvestija RGPU im. A. I. Gercena. – 2009. – № 100.
- 6. Pisarev, A. V. The image of the elderly in modern Russia [Text] // A. V. Pisarev // Sociologicheskie issledovanija. – 2004. – № 4. – S. 51–56.
- 7. Puchkov, P. V. Conceptual Foundations for the Prevention of Gerontological Violence in Contemporary Russian Society [Text]: avtoref. dis. ... dra sociol. nauk / P. V. Puchkov. – Saratov, 2009. – 33 s.
- 8. Bell, J. In search of a discourse on aging: The elderly on television [Tekst] / Bell J. // The Gerontologist. – 1992. – № 32. – R. 305–311.
- 9. Becca R. Levy, Martin D. Slade, Stanislav V. Kasl, Suzanne R. Kunkel // Longevity Increased by Positive SelfPerceptions of Aging.
- 10. Butler, R. N. Ageism: Another form of bigotry / R. N. Butler // The Gerontologist, – 1969. – Vol. 9. – R. 243–246.
- 11. Dena Bunis / 7 Myths About the Aging Brain / AARP // https://www.aarp.org/health/brainhealth/info2017/commonmythsagingbrainsfd.html.
- 12. Duncan, C. Ageism and Employment: Controversies, Ambiguities and Younger People’s Perceptions / C. Duncan, P. White, W. Loretto // Ageing and Society. – 2000. – № 20. – P. 279–302.
- 13. Martel, M. V. Agesex roles in American magazine fiction (1830–1955) / M. V. Martel // Middle Age and Aging / In B. Neugarten (Ed.) – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968. – R. 58–76.
- 14. Global Health and Aging // National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services – NIH Publication № 117737, 2011.
- 15. Nelson, T. D. Ageism: Prejudice against our feared future self / T. D. Nelson // Journal of Social Issues. – 2005. – Vol. 61, № 2. – P. 207–221.
- 16. Perceptions of Ageism in Health and Social Services in Ireland: Report based on research undertaken by Eileen McGlone and Fiona Fitzgerald // National Council on Ageing and Older People. – 2005. – 138 r.
- 17. Rodin, J. The decline of control and the fall of selfesteem / J. Rodin, E. Langer // Journal of Social. Issues. – 1980. – № 36. – Р. 12–29.
- 18. Stearns, P. J. Old age family conflict: The perspective of the past / P. J. Stearns // In K. A. Pillemer & R. S. Wolf (Eds.) // Elder abuse: Conflict in the family. – Dover, MA: Auburn House Publishing, 1986. – P. 3–24.
- 19. Ventrell, C. Ageism // Encyclopedia of Aging. – Monsees, 2002.