Prevention of iron deficiency (ID) is a pressing problem of public health in all countries of the world. The incidence of ID is the highest in pregnant and nursing women, children (particularly infants ager up to 1 year) and adolescents during the period of intense growth. At different times (1995–1997 and 2018–2019) the occurence of iron-deficient states in children (iron-deficiency anemia and latent iron deficiency) was examined. In 1995–1997 a high frequency of iron-deficient states in infants and adolescents was identified. In 2018–2019 the examination was repeated. It was found that the frequency of iron-deficient states in adolescents dropped by few times. The authors believe that such changes were driven by a considerable improvement of socio-economic condition of the country. Nevertheless, the high freqency of iron-deficient states in infants has undergone no substantial changes. This is explained by insufficient prophylaxis of iron-deficient states among pregnant, lactating women and infants. This necessitates creation of more effective intervention, and stringent evaluation of his performance and efficiency.
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