This review of the literature is devoted to the actual problem of medicine – disseminated intravascular coagulation. In addition to the general etiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics, the article summarizes the current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. From the point of view of pathophysiology, the main variants of the syndrome have been characterized. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of the pathological process developed by the subcommittee for disseminated intravascular coagulation of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis based on three guidelines (British Committee for Standards in Haematology, the Japanese Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and the Italian Society for Thrombosis and Hemostasis) are provided. In addition to the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring system, modified non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation diagnostic criteria, and the simplified modification of Japanese Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis diagnostic criteria for sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation are described. The current recommendations for the use of fresh frozen plasma, coagulation factors, platelets, anticoagulants, anticoagulant factor concentrates, and antifibrinolytic treatment are given.
- 1. Гемостазиология в клинической и лабораторной практике: учеб. пособие / В. С. Камышников [и др.]. – Минск: Адукацыя i выхаванне, 2011. – 225–244 с.
- 2. A Proposal of the Modification of Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (JSTH) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Diagnostic Criteria for Sepsis-Associated DIC / T. Iba [et al.] // Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost. – 2018. – Vol. 24 (3). – Р. 439–445.
- 3. Boral, B. M. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /B. M. Boral, D. J. Williams, L. I. Boral // Am. J. Clin. Pathol. – 2016. – Vol. 146 (6). – Р. 670–680.
- 4. Burden of illness in venous thromboembolism in critical care: a multicenter observational study / R. Patel [et al.] // J. Crit. Care. – 2005. – Vol. 20. – Р. 341–347.
- 5. Causes and prognostic factors of remission induction failure in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all-trans retinoic acid and idarubicin / J. De la Serna [et al.] // Blood. – 2008. – Vol. 111. – Р. 3395–3402.
- 6. Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation: Guidelines of the Italian Society for Haemostasis and Thrombosis (SISET) / M. Di Nisio [et al.] // Thromb. Res. – 2012. – Vol. 129. – Р. e177–184.
- 7. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death / E. Abraham [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2005. – Vol. 353. – Р. 1332–1341.
- 8. Effects of all-trans retinoic acid or chemotherapy on the molecular regulation of systemic blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia / M. S. Tallman [et al.] // J. Thromb. Haemost. – 2004. – Vol. 2. – Р. 1341–1350.
- 9. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial / CRASH-2 trial collaborators // Lancet. – 2010. – Vol. 376. – Р. 23–32.
- 10. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis / G. R. Bernard [et al.] // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2001. – Vol. 344. – Р. 699–709.
- 11. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (ART-123) in disseminated intravascular coagulation: results of a phase III, randomized, double-blind clinical trial /H. Saito [et al.] // J. Thromb. Haemost. – 2007. – Vol. – 5. – Р. 31–41.
- 12. Guidance for diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation from harmonization of the recommendations from three guidelines / H. Wada [et al.] // J. Thromb. Haemost. – 2013. – Vol. 11. – Р. 761–767.
- 13. Guidelines for Best Practices for Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Revised April 9, 2018). – Mode of access: https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/184/pdf/184.pdf. – Date of access: 21.06.2018.
- 14. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of disseminated intravascular coagulation. British Committee for Standards in Haematology / M. Levi [et al.] // Br. J. Haematol. – 2009. – Vol. 145. – Р. 24–33.
- 15. Heparin blunts endotoxin-induced coagulation activation / T. Pernerstorfer [et al.] // Circulation. – 1999. – Vol. 100. – Р. 2485–2490.
- 16. Japanese Society of Thrombosis Hemostasis / DIC subcommittee: Modified non-overt DIC diagnostic criteria predict the early phase of overt-DIC / H. Wada [et al.] // Am. J. Hematol. – 2010. – Vol. 85. – Р. 691–699.
- 17. Japanese Society of Thrombosis Hemostasis/DIC subcommittee. Expert consensus or the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation in Japan / H. Wada [et al.] // Thromb. Res. – 2010. – Vol. 125. – Р. 6–11.
- 18. Mannucci, P. M. Prevention and treatment of major blood loss / P. M. Mannucci, M. Levi // N. Engl. J. Med. – 2007. – Vol. 356. – Р. 2301–2311.
- 19. Prophylactic heparin in patients with severe sepsis treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated) / M. Levi [et al.] // Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. – 2007. – Vol. 176. – Р. 483–490.
- 20. Prospective evaluation of three different diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation / T. Takemitsu [et al.] // Thromb. Haemost. – 2011. – Vol. – 105. – Р. 40–44.
- 21. Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation / F. B. Taylor [et al.] // Thromb. Haemost. – 2001. – Vol. 86. – Р. 1327–1330.
- 22. Wada, H. Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) according to four DIC guidelines / H. Wada, T. Matsumoto, Y. Yamashita // Journal of Intensive Care. – 2014. – Vol. 2. – Р. 1–15.
- 23. Zaragoza, J. J. Current approach to disseminated intravascular coagulation related to sepsis – organ failure type /J. J. Zaragoza, M. V. Espinoza-Villafuerte // World. J. Hematol. – 2017. – Vol. 6 (1). – Р. 11–16.