The terms “chronic monocytic leukemia” and “chronic myelomonocytic leukemia” combine a group of tumor diseases that is heterogeneous in clinical and hematological manifestations, characterized by the accumulation of cells in the blood with the morphological and functional characteristics of monocytes (1). In chronic monocytic leukemia is usually significantly increased in the blood and bone marrow percentage of monocytes with normal or low leukocytosis. There is diffuse myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow trepanate. From the chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) are ill elderly people and, occasionally, children of the first 3 years of life (1, 8, 10). The complexity of the diagnosis of this variant of leukemia in children consist in extremely rare, as well as the fact that the increase in the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood is reactive, occurs in a number of infectious diseases, the exception of which is a prerequisite for the diagnosis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (1, 15, 21). Pathognomonic for juvenile CMML signs are: 1) leukemic infiltration of the skin, 2) leukocytosis with monocytosis in the blood in absolute numbers exceeding 1*10 9 /l, 3) the presence of monocytosis in the bone marrow to 30 %, at the same time, the number of blasts should not exceed 20 % (1, 6, 13). In the demonstrated case of CMML in a newborn child, these 3 signs were accompanied by an increase in the indicators of AFP and NSE tumor markers, as well as serum ferritin and LDH. The assumption of CML was confirmed by a sharp deterioration in the child’s condition at 4 weeks of life – a transition to the terminal stage of the disease – blast crisis, that is indistinguishable from acute leukemia.
- 1. Воробьёв, А. И., Бриллиант М. Д., Лукина Е. А. Хронический моноцитарный и хронический миеломоноцитарный лейкозы. В кн.: «Руководство по гематологии»; под ред. А. И. Воробьёва. – М.: Изд-во «НЬЮДИАМЕД», 2003. – Т. 2. – С. 30–33.
- 2. Ковалёва, Л. Хронический миеломоноцитарный лейкоз – форма МДС или отдельная болезнь? // Гематология и Трансфузиология. – 1995. – № 2. – С. 22.
- 3. Косанова, А. К., Сабырбаева Г. А., Габбасова Э. З. и др. Морфологические особенности кроветворения у больных хроническим миеломоноцитарным лейкозом // Вестник КазНМУ. – 2015. – № 1. – С. 134–135.
- 4. Хачатрян, Л. Е., Самочатова Е. В. Хронический миеломоноцитарный лейкоз у детей (обзор литературы) // Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунологии. – 2003. – Т. 2, № 4. – С. 10–17.
- 5. Яворковский, Л. И. [и др.]. Миелодиспластический синдром. – Рига: Зинатне, 1992. – 166 с.
- 6. Arico, M., Biondi A., Pui C. N. Juvenile mielomonocytic leukemia // Blood. – 1997. – Vol. 90. – P. 479–488.
- 7. Bennet, J., Catovski D., Daniel M. et al.. Proposals for the classification jf the myelodisplastic syndromes // Br. J Haematol. – 1982. – Vol. 51, № 2. – Р. 189–199.
- 8. Bearman, R, M., Ljeldsberg C. R., Panaglis G. A., et al. Chronic Monocytic Leucemia in adults // Cancer. – 1981. – Vol. 4. – P. 2239–2255.
- 9. Emanuel, P. D., Bates L. J., Castieberry R. P. et al. Selective hypersensitivity to GM-CSF by juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia hematopoietic progenitors. Blood. – 1991. – Vol. 77. – P. 925–929.
- 10. Fenaux, P., Jonet J. P., Zandecri V. at al. Chronic and subacute myelomonocytic leukemia / Brit. J. Haematol. – 1987. – Vol. 65. – P. 101–106.
- 11. Gluzman, D. F., Sklyarenko L. M., Zavalevich M. P. et al. Hematological malignancies in Chernobyl clean-up workers (1996–2010) // J. Hematol. Malignancies. – 2012. – № 2. – P. 43–50.
- 12. Harris, N. L., Jaffe E. S., Diebold J. et al. World organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues:For of the advisory committee meeting – Airily House, Virginia, November. Clin. Oncol. – 1999. – Vol. 17, № 12. – P. 3835–3849.
- 13. Hess, J. L., Zutter M. M., Castisberry R. P. at al. Juvenile Chronic myelogenous leukemia / Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. – 1996. – Vol. 105. – P. 238–248.
- 14. Iwanaga, M., Hsu W. L., Soda M. et al. Risk of myelodisplastic sindromes of people exposed to ionizing radiation a retrospective cohort study of Nagasaki atomic bomb survivarp //J. Clin Oncol. – 2011. – Vol. 29, № 4. – P. 428–434.
- 15. Nimeyer, C. M., Fenu S., Hasle H. at al. Differentiating juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia from infectious disease // Blood. – 1998. – Vol. 91. – P. 365–366.
- 16. Oscier, D. G., Worsley A., Hamblin T. J. et al. Treatment of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia whith lov dose Etoposide // Brit. J. Haematol. – 1989. – Vol. 72. – P. 468–471.
- 17. Ribera, J. M., Cervantes F., Rozman C. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia according to the FAB criteria // Brit. J. Haematol. – 1987. – Vol. 65. – P. 307–311.
- 18. Ribera, J. M., Cervantes F., Reverter J. C. Rozman C. Acute transformation of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: a multivariate study of predictive factors // Europ. J. Haematol. – 1989. – Vol. 42. – P. 284–288.
- 19. Tefferi, A., Hoacland H. C., Themeau T. M. et al. Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: natural history and prognostic determinants // Mayo Clin. Proc. – 1989. – Vol. 64. – P. 1246–1254.
- 20. Thisima, H., Iwanaga M., Miyasaki Y. Late effect of atomic bomb radiation on myeloid disorders: leukemia and myelodisplastic syndromes // Int. J. Hematol. – 2012. – Vol. 95. – P. 232–238.
- 21. World Health Organisation Classification of Tumors. Patology and Genetics of Hеmatopoetic and Limfoid Tissues. Ed. By Jaffe E. S., Harris N. L., Stain H. [et al.]. – IARC Press, Lion, 2001. – Р. 49–59.
- 22. Worsley, A., Oscier D. G., Stevens J. et al. Prognostic feature of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia: a modified Bourni mouth score gives the best predictions of survival // Brit. J. Haematol. – 1988. – Vol. 68. – P. 17–21.
- 23. Zharliganova, D., Harada H., Harada Y. et al. High Frequency of AML 1| RUNX 1 point mutaiions in radiation-associated myelodisplastic syndrome araund Semipalatinsk nuclear test site // J. Radiat. Res. – 2008. – Vol. 49, № 5. – P. 549–555.