Преемственность между первой помощью (ПП) и скорой медицинской помощью (СМП) является определяющим фактором выживаемости при ургентных состояниях. Существующий разрыв между теоретической обученностью населения и реальной готовностью к действию остается нерешенной проблемой догоспитального этапа.
Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность синхронизированной модели «обучение – дистанционное сопровождение – правовая защита» в обеспечении преемственности ПП и СМП на догоспитальном этапе.
Материалы и методы. Исследование (2023–2025 гг.) базируется на системном анализе нормативно-правовой базы РФ и Республики Беларусь, а также изучении деятельности ОГБУЗ «Станция СМП Белгородской области». Проведено анкетирование (n = 2004) и статистический анализ показателей деятельности службы СМП.
Результаты. Выявлено значимое расхождение между субъективной уверенностью респондентов в своих знаниях (93,5%) и фактической готовностью к оказанию помощи (16,4 %). Доказано, что внедрение модели управления экстренными медицинскими событиями, интегрирующей массовое обучение (свыше 42 тыс. чел.), алгоритмизированное дистанционное консультирование (рост охвата с 39 % до 96 % за 15 месяцев) и правовую регламентацию действий очевидца, позволило обеспечить начало жизнеспасающих мероприятий в 90,2 % случаев. Частота немотивированных отказов от оказания ПП снизилась в 15,3 раза.
Заключение. Условием преемственности этапов помощи выступает методологическая и коммуникационная синхронизация компонентов в системе управления экстренными медицинскими событиями «обучение – дистанционное сопровождение – правовая защита». Разработанная модель соответствует международным рекомендациям 2025 года (ERC, AHA, ILCOR) и может быть имплементирована в национальную систему здравоохранения Республики Беларусь.
Continuity between first aid (FA) and emergency medical services (EMS) is a critical determinant of survival in life-threatening conditions.
A persistent disparity between the population’s theoretical training and their actual readiness to carry out first aid remains a significant challenge in prehospital conditions. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a synchronized “training – dispatcher assistance – legal protection” model in ensuring the continuity of FA and EMS at the prehospital stage.
Materials and Methods. The study (2023–2025) is based on a systems analysis of the nor- mative and legal documents of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus, alongside an assessment of the Belgorod Regional Emergency Medical Station’s operational data. A survey (n = 2004) and statistical analysis of EMS performance indicators were conducted.
Results. A statistically significant divergence between respondents’ subjective confidence in their knowledge (93.5 %) and their actual readiness to provide FA (16.4 %) was revealed. It was demonstrated that the implementation of a model integrating mass training (over 42,000 individuals), structured dispatcher-assisted first aid (with coverage increasing from 39 % to 96 % over 15 months), and legal regulation of bystanders՚ actions ensured the initiation of life-saving measures in 90.2 % of cases. The frequency of unmotivated refusals to provide FA decreased by a factor of 15.3.
Conclusion. Methodological and communicative synchronization within the “training –
dispatcher assistance – legal protection” system is a prerequisite for ensuring continuity
of care. The proposed model aligns with the 2025 international guidelines (ERC, AHA, ILCOR)
and is highly applicable for integration into the national healthcare system of the Republic
of Belarus.
- Key features in designing an integrated recall system for dispatch in mass casualty incidents: a systematic review / N. Mazaheri, M. R. Khajehaminian, S. FallahAliabadi, O. Yousefianzadeh // Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine. – 2024. – Vol. 12, № 1. – P. e58. – doi: 10.22037/aaem.v12i1.2330. – PMID: 39290758.
- A critical review of the 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care / H. Z. Whiteson, T. Whitford, Haner D. Wasserstein, W. H. Frishman // Cardiology in Review. – 2026. – Vol. 34, № 2. – P. 65–75. – doi: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000001184. – PMID: 41622524.
- European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2025: systems saving lives / F. Semeraro, S. Schnaubelt, T. M. Olasveengen [et al.] // Resuscitation. – 2025. – Vol. 215, Suppl 1. – P. 110821. – doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110821. – PMID: 41117570.
- Education, implementation, and teams: 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation consensus on science with treatment recommendations / R. Greif, A. Cheng, C. Abelairas-Gómez [et al.] // Circulation. – 2025. – Vol. 152, № 16 (Suppl. 1). – P. S205–S249. – doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001359. – PMID: 41122840.
- Part 1: executive summary: 2025 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care / M. Del Rios, J. A. Bartos, A. R. Panchal [et al.] // Circulation. – 2025. – Vol. 152, № 16 (Suppl. 2). – P. S284–S312. – doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001372. – PMID: 41122893.
- Executive summary: 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation consensus on science with treatment recommendations / K. M. Berg, J. E. Bray, T. Djärv [et al.] // Circulation. – 2025. – Vol. 152, № 16 (Suppl. 1). – P. S2–S22. – doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001361. – PMID: 41122844.
- Prehospital trauma compendium: prehospital management of adults with traumatic outofhospital circulatory arrest – a joint position statement and resource document of NAEMSP, ACSCOT, and ACEP / A. M. Breyre, N. George, A. R. Nelson [et al.] // Prehospital Emergency Care. – 2025. – P. 1–15. – doi: 10.1080/ 10903127.2024.2428668. –PMID: 40068140.
- Yogendrakumar, V. A randomized trial of telemedicine models of care on a mobile stroke unit / V. Yogendrakumar, A. H. Balabanski, H. Johns [et al.] // NEJM Evidence. – 2026. – Vol. 5, № 2. – EVIDoa2500217. – doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2500217. – PMID: 41429047.
- Birkun, A. A. Practice of remote counseling of eyewitnesses of an event by emergency dispatchers on the provision of first aid: suggestions for improving regulatory and legal framework / А. А. Birkun, L. I. Dezhurnyy, A. Yu. Zakurdaeva // Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. – 2023. – № 4. – P. 65–72 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.33266/20701004202346572. – EDN: TDOYFN.
- Dispatcher support for the provision of first aid by eyewitnesses of the event during outofhospital circulatory arrest in a victim: reality and prospect / L. I. Dezhurnyy, K. A. Soghomonyan, А. А. Birkun, A. Yu. Zakurdaeva // Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. – 2024. – № 1. – P. 53–58 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.33266/20701004202415358. – EDN UBCDER.
- Resuscitation education science meets virtual and augmented reality: evolution from potential concept to recommendations / N. Fijačko, M. P. Rios, F. Semeraro [et al.] // Resuscitation Plus. – 2025. – Vol. 23. – P. 100950. – doi: 10.1016/j.resplu. 2025.100950. –PMID: 40297166.
- Chinese expert consensus on the prehospital management of major trauma / Y. Li, L. Lang, J. Zhang [et al.] // Chinese Journal of Traumatology. – 2026. – doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2026. 01.002. – PMID: 41813488.
- Barriers and Facilitators for Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Automated External Defibrillator Use in Diverse and Underserved Cities in Los Angeles County, California / J. Toy, E. Melgoza, E. Santana [et al.] // Journal of the American Heart Association. – 2026. – Vol. 15, № 5. – P. e046962. – doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.125.046962. – PMID: 41717913.
- Xu, H. How stepwise interventions in prehospital emergency care enhance outofhospital cardiac arrest management in a Megacity in China / H. Xu, H. Zhu, Q. He, L. Zhang // Resuscitation. – 2025. – № 210. – P. 110594. – doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110594. – PMID: 40154875.
- Zhuravlev, S. V. First aid as a factor of reducing mortality of death in the accident / S. V. Zhuravlev // Emergency medical care. – 2018. – Vol. 19, № 2. – P. 34–39 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.24884/2072671620181923439. – EDN XTFPPN.
- Assessing potentional effectiveness of first aid for life support to victims in road traffic accidents (within the framework of the road safety in 10 countries – rs10) / L. I. Dezhurny, G. V. Neudakhin, E. D. Yurasova [et al.] // Social aspects of population health. – 2015. – Vol. 42, № 2. – P. 4 [In Russian]. – EDN TXOTOZ.
- Bystander interventions and survival after outofhospital cardiac arrest according to neighborhood ethnicity / A. P. Sheikh, A. J. Grabmayr, C. TorpPedersen [et al.] // Resuscitation. – 2026. – № 220. – P. 111008. – doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2026. 111008. – PMID: 41655733.
- Analysis of Main Errors in Providing First Aid to Victims of Road Accidents and Possible Ways to Reduce their Number / V. V. Maslyakov, V. R. Gorbelik, A. V. Pimenov [et al.] // Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. – 2020. – № 2. – P. 62–66 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.33266/20701004202026266. – EDN HKRBEC.
- Stanishevsky, A. L. Analysis of the main sources of public information about first aid / A. L. Stanishevsky, V. N. Sokolchik, A. L. Timoshuk // BGMU at the forefront of medical science and practice: peerreviewed annual collection of scientific papers: in 2 vol. / Ed. by S. P. Rubnikovich, V. A. Filonyuk. – Minsk, 2023. – Iss. 13. – Vol. 2: Fundamental science for medicine. Preventive medicine. – P. 224–234 [In Russian]. – EDN ODPXIG.
- Stanishevsky, A. L. Promising ways to raise public awareness of first aid rules / A. L. Stanishevsky // Emergency medical care. – 2024. –Vol. 25, № 3. – P. 27–33 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.24884/2072671620242532733. – EDN EOTUIN.
- Stanishevsky, A. L. Some Aspects of Population Willingness to Provide First Aid / A. L. Stanishevsky // Russian Sklifosovsky Journal of Emergency Medical Care. – 2025. – Vol. 14, № 2. – P. 416–422 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.23934/222390222025142416422. – EDN GGQHMP.
- Stanishevsky, A. L. Population Readiness for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Initiation Factors, Barriers and their Predictors / A. L. Stanishevsky // Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. – 2024. – № 3. – P. 17–21 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.33266/ 20701004202431721. – EDN QADNSA.
- Stanishevsky, A. L. Basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation: analysis of the knowledge of the megalopolis population / A. L. Stanishevsky, Y. A. Sokolov, T. V. Matveychik // Meditsinskaya sestra = The Nurse. – 2025. – Vol. 27, № 4. – P. 33–37 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.29296/2587997920250408. – EDN NDXGDN.
- Stanishevsky, A. L. Analysis of population’s knowledge of first aid procedures for victims / A. L. Stanishevsky // Meditsina Katastrof = Disaster Medicine. – 2026. – № 1. – P. 56–60 [In Russian]. – doi: 10.33266/20701004202615660. – EDN DRCUIL.
- First aid: issues of information, motivation and training of the population / A. L. Stanishevsky, Y. A. Sokolov, A. L. Timoshuk, N. P. Novikava // Meditsinskie novosti. – 2024. – № 12(363). – P. 19–23 [In Russian]. – EDN OAYZQQ.