Achalasia of the cardia is a neuromuscular disease of the esophagus. There are various surgical approaches for the treatment of achalasia of the cardia, which indicates the complexity and insufficient knowledge of this pathology. Currently, the “gold standard” of surgical treatment of achalasia of the cardia is Heller’s laparoscopic operation with incomplete Dor esophagofundoplication. However, this operation is not ideal for the treatment of achalasia of the cardia, due to the high level of postoperative complications and relapses of the disease. Our clinic has developed an original side-to-side stapler esophagofundostomy method for the treatment of achalasia of the cardia. This article provides a comparative analysis of Heller’s surgery and stapler esophagofundostomy. The proposed method successfully eliminates the symptoms of dysphagia in patients with achalasia cardia, and it also has an advantage over the Heller operation in reducing the incidence of intraoperative complications, in restoring the passage of food through the esophagus more effectively, and in improving the motility of the esophagus and eliminating the spasm of the lower esophageal sphincter. In the postoperative period after stapler esophagofundostomy, the likelihood of developing gastroesophageal reflux is higher, therefore, in our opinion, it should be combined with a more reliable anti-reflux barrier, for example, Nissen fundoplication. The indication for performing a side-to-side stapler esophagofundostomy, in our opinion, is achalasia of the cardia of stage III–IV according to Petrovsky’s classification, with the development of fibrous scarring of the cardia and esophagus, since during Heller’s operation, in this case, there is a certain risk of intraoperative perforation of the cardia and esophageal mucosa, with possible subsequent the development of serious complications.
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