Аннотация
Список литературы
Обсуждаются вопросы, касающиеся эпидемиологии, этиологии, патоморфологических особенностей рака яичников. Особое внимание уделяется ангиогенезу как способу неоваскуляризации и свойствам его гистологических изображений, а также антиангиогенной терапии и её побочным эффектам.
Ключевые слова:
рак яичников, ангиогенез, антиангиогенная терапия, неоваскуляризация, микроплотность сосудов, анализ изображения
Ovarian cancer: angiogenesis as the mechanism of malignant growth and the opportunities of the pathology image processing
The authors discuss questions regarding epidemiology, etiology, pathomorphologic features of ovarian cancer. The special attention is directed to the angiogensesis as the way of neovascularization and to its histology sample image features as well as to the antiangiogenesis drug therapy and its adverse effects.
Keywords
ovarian cancer, angiogenesis, antiangiogenic therapy, neovascularization, microvessel density, image analysis
- 1. Consilium Medicum. 2009. http://www.consilium!medicum.com/cancer/article/8712/.
- 2. VEGF – фактор роста эндотелия сосудов / Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Лтд. 2009. http://medi.ru/doc/2221202.htm.
- 3. Carmeliet, P. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases / P. Carmeliet, R. Jain // Nature. 2000. Vol. 407, № 6801. P. 249 – 257.
- 4. Demir, C. Automated cancer diagnosis based on histopathological images: a systematic survey / C. Demir, B. Yener // Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Tech. Rep.2005.
- 5. Plendl, J. Angiogenesis and Vascular Regression in the Ovary / J. Plendl // Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia.2000. Vol. 29, № 5. P. 257 – 266.
- 6. Raspollini, M. Correlation of epidermal growth factor receptor expression with tumor microdensity vessels and with vascular endothelial growth factor expression in ovarian carcinoma / M. Raspollini [et al.] // International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2005. Vol. 13, № 2. P. 135.
- 7. Ribatti, D. ebrary Inc.: History of research on tumor angiogenesis. Edited by Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2009, p. pp. ix, 125 p.
- 8. Stewart, M. Angiogenesis protocols / M. Stewart, J. C. Murray. Humana Press, 2009. P. xi, 358 p.
- 9. Stone, P. The influence of microvessel density on ovarian carcinogenesis / P. Stone [et al.] // Gynecologic Oncology. 2003. Vol. 90, № 3. P. 566 – 571.
- 10. Дуда, В. И. Гинекология / В. И. Дуда, В. И. Дуда, И. В. Дуда. Edited by Харвест, Минск, 2004, p. 897.
- 11. Gu, X. Relationship between CD105 and angiogenesis and biological behaviors in squamous carcinoma of larynx / X. Gu [et al.] // Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 2006. Vol. 20, № 3. P. 125 – 128.
- 12. Guo, J. W. Effects of Chinese medicine for regulating «sea of blood in brain» combined with bone marrow stromal stem cell transplantation on an giogenesis in ischemic brain tissue of rats / J. W. Guo, J. Y. Li, Y. Huang // Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2009. Vol. 7, № 8. P. 763 – 768.
- 13. Han, Z. Dynamic study on effect of Chinese medicine compound Yiliuyin on angiogenesis in transplanted S180 tumor of mouse / Z. Han [et al.] // Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2009. Vol. 34, № 2. P. 212 – 216.
- 14. Li, X. H. Roles of angiopoietin-2, Tie!2 and hypoxia!inducible factor 1alpha in angiogenesis of glioma / X. H. Li [et al.] // Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2008. Vol. 37, № 3. P. 188 – 189.
- 15. Tan, X. J. Prognostic value of microvessel density and angiogenesisrelated molecules in epithelial ovarian cancer / X. J. Tan [et al.] // Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2008. Vol. 30, № 4. P. 274 – 278.
- 16. Zheng, A. W. Splenectomy in epithelial ovarian cancer: analysis of 32 cases / A. W. Zheng [et al.] // Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 2008. Vol. 43, № 3. P. 197 – 200.
- 17. Khalil, M. R. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer and female sex hormones / M. R. Khalil // Ugeskr Laeger. 2000. Vol. 162, № 47. P. 6395 – 6398.
- 18. Abulafia, O. Angiogenesis in primary and metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinoma / O. Abulafia, W. E. Triest, D. M. Sherer // Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997. Vol. 177, № 3. P. 541 – 547.
- 19. Altschmied, J. A new kid on the block: PKD1: a promising target for antiangiogenic therapy / J. Altschmied, J. Haendeler // Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008. Vol. 28, № 10. P. 1689 – 1690.
- 20. Alvarez, A. A. The prognostic significance of angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma / A. A. Alvarez [et al.] // Clin Cancer Res. 1999. Vol. 5, №3. P. 587 – 591.
- 21. Amyot, F. Topology of the heterogeneous nature of the extracellular matrix on stochastic modeling of tumor-induced angiogenesis / F. Amyot [et al.] // Microvasc Res. 2009. Vol. 77, № 2. P. 87 – 95.
- 22. Azad, N. S. Combination targeted therapy with sorafenib and bevacizumab results in enhanced toxicity and antitumor activity / N. S. Azad [et al.] / / J Clin Oncol. 2008. Vol. 26, № 22. P. 3709 – 3714.
- 23. Baker, T. R. Etiology, biology, and epidemiology of ovarian cancer / T. R. Baker, M. S. Piver // Semin Surg Oncol. 1994. Vol. 10, № 4. P. 242 – 248.
- 24. Balint, K. Role of vascular leukocytes in ovarian cancer neovascularization / K. Balint [et al.] // Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008. Vol. 622, № P. 273 – 280.
- 25. Beard, C. M. The epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1935 – 1991 / C. M. Beard [et al.] // Ann Epidemiol. 2000. Vol. 10, № 1. P. 14 – 23.
- 26. Bourdel, N. Postoperative peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells is not promoted by carbon-dioxide pneumoperitoneum at low intraperitoneal pressure in a syngenic mouse laparoscopic model with controlled respiratory support: a pilot study / N. Bourdel [et al.] // J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2008. Vol. 15, № 3. P. 321 – 326.
- 27. Burger, R. A. Phase II trial of bevacizumab in persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer or primary peritoneal cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study / R. A. Burger [et al.] // J Clin Oncol. 2007. Vol. 25, № 33. P. 5165 – 5171.
- 28. Cannistra, S. A. Phase II study of bevacizumab in patients with platinumresistant ovarian cancer or peritoneal serous cancer / S. A. Cannistra [et al.] // J Clin Oncol. 2007. Vol. 25, № 33. P. 5180 – 5186.
- 29. Cao, Y. A review of Judah Folkman’s remarkable achievements in biomedicine / Y. Cao, R. Langer // Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008. Vol. 105, № 36. P. 13203 – 13205.
- 30. Cecchin, E. Lack of association of CYP1 B1*3 polymorphism and ovarian cancer in a Caucasian population / E. Cecchin [et al.] // Int J Biol Markers. 2004. Vol. 19, № 2. P. 160 – 163.
- 31. Chan, J. K. Differences in prognostic molecular markers between women over and under 45 years of age with advanced ovarian cancer / J. K. Chan // Clin Cancer Res. 2004. Vol. 10, № 24. P. 8538 – 8543.
- 32. Chan, J. K. Mast cell density, angiogenesis, blood clotting, and prognosis in women with advanced ovarian cancer / J. K. Chan [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2005. Vol. 99, № 1. P. 20 – 25.
- 33. Chang, E. T. Diet and risk of ovarian cancer in the California Teachers Study cohort / E. T. Chang [et al.] // Am J Epidemiol. 2007. Vol. 165, № 7. P. 802 – 813.
- 34. Chen, J. X. Disruption of Ang-1/Tie-2 signaling contributes to the impaired myocardial vascular maturation and angiogenesis in type II diabetic mice / J. X. Chen, A. Stinnett // Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008. Vol. 28, № 9. P. 1606 – 1613.
- 35. Chen, Y. Quercetin inhibits choroidal and retinal angiogenesis in vitro / Y. Chen [et al.] // Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008. Vol. 246, № 3. P. 373 – 378.
- 36. Chereau, E. Spontaneous rectovaginal fistula during bevacizumab therapy for ovarian cancer: a case report / E. Chereau [et al.] // Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009. Vol. 200, № 1. P. e15 – 16.
- 37. Choi, H. J. Color image analysis for quantifying renal tumor angiogenesis / H. J. Choi [et al.] // Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2005. Vol. 27, № 1. P. 43 – 51.
- 38. Chura, J. C. Bevacizumab plus cyclophosphamide in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer / J. C. Chura [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2007. Vol. 107, № 2. P. 326 – 330.
- 39. Daly, M. Epidemiology and risk assessment for ovarian cancer / M. Daly, G. I. Obrams // Semin Oncol. 1998. Vol. 25, № 3. P. 255 – 264.
- 40. de la Hunt M. N. Kasabach!Merritt syndrome: dangers of interferon and successful treatment with pentoxifylline / M. N. de la Hunt // J Pediatr Surg. 2006. Vol. 41, № 1. P. e29 – 31.
- 41. Djonov, V. New insights into intussusceptive angiogenesis / V. Djonov, A. N. Makanya // EXS. 2005. № 94. P. 17 – 33.
- 42. Donnini, S. Divergent effects of quercetin conjugates on angiogenesis / S. Donnini [et al.] // Br J Nutr. 2006. Vol. 95, № 5. P. 1016 – 1023.
- 43. Du, J. Correlation of real-time gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor expression for assessment of angiogenesis in breast lesions / J. Du [et al.] // J Ultrasound Med. 2008. Vol. 27, № 6. P. 821 – 831.
- 44. Filipovic, N. Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis / N. Filipovic [et al.] // Microvasc Res. 2009.
- 45. Frankish, H. Researchers target tumour blood vessels with antiangiogenic gene therapy / H. Frankish // Lancet. 2002. Vol. 359, № 9325. P. 2256.
- 46. Gately, S. Multiple roles of COX-2 in tumor angiogenesis: a target for antiangiogenic therapy / S. Gately, W. W. Li // Semin Oncol. 2004. Vol. 31, № 2. Suppl 7. P. 2 – 11.
- 47. Gotsch, F. Preeclampsia and small!for!gestational age are associated with decreased concentrations of a factor involved in angiogenesis: soluble Tie-2 / F. Gotsch [et al.] // J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008. Vol. 21, № 6. P. 389 – 402.
- 48. Gude, R. P. Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and tumor-induced angiogenesis by pentoxifylline / R. P. Gude [et al.] // J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2001. Vol. 127, № 10. P. 625 – 630.
- 49. Gurr, M. I. Diet and the prevention of cancer. No evidence has linked ovarian cancer with high intakes of fat and meat / M. I. Gurr // BMJ. 1999. Vol. 319, № 7203. P. 187 – 188.
- 50. Hasan, J. Intra!tumoural microvessel density in human solid tumours /J. Hasan, R. Byers, G. C. Jayson // Br J Cancer. 2002. Vol. 86, № 10. P. 1566 – 1577.
- 51. Heimburg, S. Prognostic relevance of the endothelial marker CD 34 in ovarian cancer / S. Heimburg [et al.] // Anticancer Res. 1999. Vol. 19, № 4A. P. 2527 – 2529.
- 52. Horiuchi, A. Overexpression of RhoA enhances peritoneal dissemination: RhoA suppression with Lovastatin may be useful for ovarian cancer / A. Horiuchi [et al.] // Cancer Sci. 2008. Vol. 99, № 12. P. 2532 – 2539.
- 53. Igisinov, N. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer in Kyrgyzstan women of reproductive age / N. Igisinov, G. Umaralieva // Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2008. Vol. 9, № 2. P. 331 – 334.
- 54. Igura, K. Resveratrol and quercetin inhibit angiogenesis in vitro / K. Igura [et al.] // Cancer Lett. 2001. Vol. 171, № 1. P. 11 – 16.
- 55. Irion L.C., Prolla J.C., Hartmann A.A., Irion K.L., Da Silva V.D. Angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer: microvessel area in needle biopsy in vascular tumor density // Anal Quant Cytol Histol. 2008. Vol. 30, № 2. P. 83 – 91.
- 56. Jin, X. Traditional Chinese drug ShuXueTong facilitates angiogenesis during wound healing following traumatic brain injury / X. Jin [et al.] // J Ethnopharmacol. 2008. Vol. 117, № 3. P. 473 – 477.
- 57. Johnson, C. C. The epidemiology of CA-125 in women without evidence of ovarian cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial / C. C. Johnson [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2008. Vol. 110, №3. P. 383 – 389.
- 58. Karavasilis, V. Angiogenesis in cancer of unknown primary: clinicopathological study of CD34, VEGF and TSP-1 / V. Karavasilis [et al.] // BMC Cancer. 2005. Vol. 5. P. 25.
- 59. Kirchner, L. M. Quantitation of angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model using fractal analysis / L. M. Kirchner, S. P. Schmidt, B. S. Gruber // Microvasc Res. 1996. Vol. 51, № 1. P. 2 – 14.
- 60. La Vecchia, C. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a summary review / C. La Vecchia // Eur J Cancer Prev. 2001. Vol. 10, № 2. P. 125 – 129.
- 61. Lacey, J. V. Menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort / J. V. Lacey [et al.] // J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006. Vol. 98, № 19. P. 1397 – 1405.
- 62. Laios, A. An integrative model for recurrence in ovarian cancer / A. Laios [et al.] // Mol Cancer. 2008. Vol. 7. P. 8.
- 63. Lavalle, G. COX-2 expression in canine mammary carcinomas: correlation with angiogenesis (or microvessel density) and overall survival / G. Lavalle [et al.] // Vet Pathol. 2009.
- 64. Li, S. L. Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase suppressor genes RECK, VEGF, and CD105 with angiogenesis and biological behavior in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / S. L. Li [et al.] // World J Gastroenterol. 2007. Vol. 13, № 45. P. 6076 – 6081.
- 65. Lukanova, A. Endogenous hormones and ovarian cancer: epidemiology and current hypotheses / A. Lukanova, R Kaaks // Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005. Vol. 14, № 1. P. 98 – 107.
- 66. Ma, Z. S. Reduction of CWR22 prostate tumor xenograft growth by combined tamoxifen!quercetin treatment is associated with inhibition of angiogenesis and cellular proliferation / Z. S. Ma [et al.] // Int J Oncol. 2004. Vol. 24, № 5. P. 1297 – 1304.
- 67. Mabuchi S., Terai Y., Morishige K., Tanabe Kimura A., Sasaki H., Kanemura M., Tsunetoh S., Tanaka Y., Sakata M., Burger R.A., Kimura T.,Ohmichi M. Maintenance treatment with bevacizumab prolongs survival in an in vivo ovarian cancer model // Clin Cancer Res.2008. Vol. 14, № 23. P. 7781 – 7789.
- 68. Marion Audibert, A. M. Low microvessel density is an unfavorable histoprognostic factor in pancreatic endocrine tumors / A. M. Marion-Audibert [et al.] // Gastroenterology. 2003. Vol. 125, № 4. P. 1094 – 1104.
- 69. Mazurenko, N. P. Virus!viral co!cancerogenesis and the other viral interactions / N. P. Mazurenko [et al.] // Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1980. Vol. 50, № 5. P. 399 – 407.
- 70. Mendes, J. B. Cilostazol and pentoxifylline decrease angiogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis in sponge-induced intraperitoneal adhesion in mice / J. B. Mendes [et al.] // Life Sci. 2009. Vol. 84, № 15 – 16. P. 537 – 543.
- 71. Menendez, J. A. A genomic explanation connecting «Mediterranean diet», olive oil and cancer: oleic acid, the main monounsaturated fatty acid of olive oil, induces formation of inhibitory «PEA3 transcription factor-PEA3 DNA binding site» complexes at the Her-2/neu (erbB-2) oncogene promoter in breast, ovarian and stomach cancer cells / J. A. Menendez [et al.] // Eur J Cancer. 2006. Vol. 42, № 15. P. 2425 – 2432.
- 72. Micha, J. P. A phase II study of outpatient first-line paclitaxel, carboplatin, and bevacizumab for advanced-stage epithelial ovarian, peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer / J. P. Micha [et al.] // Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2007. Vol. 17, №4. P. 771 – 776.
- 73. Minhajat, R. Organ!specific endoglin (CD105) expression in the angiogenesis of human cancers / R. Minhajat [et al.] // Pathol Int. 2006. Vol. 56, №12. P. 717 – 723.
- 74. Mommers, M. Dairy consumption and ovarian cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer / M. Mommers [et al.] // Br J Cancer. 2006. Vol. 94, № 1. P. 165 – 170.
- 75. Narod, S. A. Current understanding of the epidemiology and clinical implications of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations for ovarian cancer / S. A. Narod, J. Boyd // Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2002. Vol. 14, № 1. P. 19 – 26.
- 76. Niemisto, A. Robust quantification of in vitro angiogenesis through image analysis / A. Niemisto [et al.] // IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2005. Vol. 24, № 4. P. 549 – 553.
- 77. Nieto, Y. Prognostic analysis of tumour angiogenesis, determined by microvessel density and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, in highrisk primary breast cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy / Y. Nieto [et al.] // Br J Cancer. 2007. Vol. 97, № 3. P. 391 – 397.
- 78. Nimeiri, H. S. Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib for patients with recurrent ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancer: a trial of the Chicago, PMH, and California Phase II Consortia / H. S. Nimeiri [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2008. Vol. 110, № 1. P. 49 – 55.
- 79. Obermair, A. Prognostic significance of tumor angiogenesis in endometrial cancer / A. Obermair [et al.] // Obstet Gynecol. 1999. Vol. 93, № 3. P. 367 – 371.
- 80. Parsons Wingerter, P. A novel assay of angiogenesis in the quail chorioallantoic membrane: stimulation by bFGF and inhibition by angiostatin according to fractal dimension and grid intersection / P. Parsons-Wingerter [et al.] // Microvasc Res. 1998. Vol. 55, № 3. P. 201 – 214.
- 81. Permuth Wey, J. Epidemiology of ovarian cancer / J. Permuth-Wey, T. A. Sellers // Methods Mol Biol. 2009. Vol. 472. P. 413 – 437.
- 82. Ribatti, D. The paracrine role of Tie-2-expressing monocytes in tumor angiogenesis / D. Ribatti // Stem Cells Dev. 2009. Vol. 18, № 5. P. 703 – 706.
- 83. Ribatti, D. Judah Folkman, a pioneer in the study of angiogenesis / D. Ribatti // Angiogenesis. 2008. Vol. 11, № 1. P. 3 – 10.
- 84. Richardson, D. L. Combination gemcitabine, platinum, and bevacizumab for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer / D. L. Richardson [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2008. Vol. 111, № 3. P. 461 – 466.
- 85. Rossi Schneider, T. R. Study of intussusceptive angiogenesis in inflamematory regional lymph nodes by scanning electron microscopy / T. R. RossiSchneider [et al.] // Microsc Res Tech. 2009.
- 86. Salani, D. Role of endothelin!1 in neovascularization of ovarian carcinoma / D. Salani [et al.] // Am J Pathol. 2000. Vol. 157, № 5. P. 1537 – 1547.
- 87. Sanchez Munoz, A. Second complete remission induced by cyclophosphamide plus bevacizumab in two patients with heavily pre!treated ovarian cancer / A. Sanchez!Munoz [et al.] // Clin Transl Oncol. 2009. Vol. 11, № 5. P. 329– 331.
- 88. Sawicki, W. Transvaginal colour flow imaging in assessment of ovarian tumor neovascularization / W. Sawicki [et al.] // Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 1997. Vol. 18, № 5. P. 407 – 409.
- 89. Sfakianos, G. P. The risk of gastrointestinal perforation and/or fistula in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer receiving bevacizumab compared to standard chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study / G. P. Sfakianos [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2009. Vol. 114, № 3. P. 424 – 426.
- 90. Shen, N. Epidemiology of occupational and environmental risk factors related to ovarian cancer / N. Shen [et al.] // Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998. Vol. 24, № 3. P. 175 – 182.
- 91. Simpkins, F. Avoiding bevacizumab related gastrointestinal toxicity for recurrent ovarian cancer by careful patient screening / F. Simpkins, J. L. Belinson, P. G. Rose // Gynecol Oncol. 2007. Vol. 107, № 1. P. 118 – 123.
- 92. Takakura, M. Intraperitoneal administration of telomerase!specific oncolytic adenovirus sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin and affects survival in a xenograft model with peritoneal dissemination / M. Takakura [et al.] // Cancer Gene Ther. 2009.
- 93. Takeuchi, Y. Intracellular target for photosensitization in cancer antiangiogenic photodynamic therapy mediated by polycation liposome / Y. Takeuchi [et al.] // J Control Release. 2004. Vol. 97, № 2. P. 231 – 240.
- 94. Tao, X. Anti-angiogenesis therapy with bevacizumab for patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumors / X. Tao [et al.] // Gynecol Oncol. 2009. Vol. 114, №3. P. 431 – 436.
- 95. Tarone, R. E. Age-period-cohort analyses of breast-, ovarian-, endometrial-and cervical-cancer mortality rates for Caucasian women in the USA / R. E. Tarone, K. C. Chu // J Epidemiol Biostat. 2000. Vol. 5, № 4. P. 221 – 231.
- 96. Tortolero Luna, G. The epidemiology of ovarian cancer / G., Tortolero Luna M. F. Mitchell // J Cell Biochem Suppl. 1995. Vol. 23. P. 200 – 207.
- 97. Tuo, Q. H. Critical role of angiopoietins/Tie-2 in hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial infarction and impaired angiogenesis / Q. H. Tuo [et al.] // Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008. Vol. 294, № 6. P. H2547 – 2557.
- 98. Veiga Ferreira, R. Metabolic programming of ovarian angiogenesis and folliculogenesis by maternal malnutrition during lactation / R. Veiga Ferreira [et al.] // Fertil Steril. 2009.
- 99. Vermeulen, P. B. Second international consensus on the methodology and criteria of evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours / P. B. Vermeulen [et al.] // Eur J Cancer. 2002. Vol. 38, № 12. P. 1564 – 1579.
- 100. Vlahos, N. F. Effect of pentoxifylline on vascular endothelial growth factor C and flk!1 expression on endometrial implants in the rat endometriosis model / N. F. Vlahos [et al.] // Fertil Steril. 2009.
- 101. Weyn, B. Determination of tumour prognosis based on angiogenesisrelated vascular patterns measured by fractal and syntactic structure analysis / B. Weyn [et al.] // Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2004. Vol. 16, № 4. P. 307 – 316.
- 102. Winnik, S. HoxB5 induces endothelial sprouting in vitro and modifies intussusceptive angiogenesis in vivo involving angiopoietin-2 / S. Winnik [et al.] // Cardiovasc Res. 2009. Vol. 83, № 3. P. 558 – 565.
- 103. Wright, J. D. A multi!institutional evaluation of factors predictive of toxicity and efficacy of bevacizumab for recurrent ovarian cancer / J. D. Wright [et al.] // Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2008. Vol. 18, № 3. P. 400 – 406.
- 104. Yao, Y. Endoglin (CD105) expression in angiogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinomas: analysis using tissue microarrays and comparisons with CD34 and VEGF / Y. Yao [et al.] // Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2007. Vol. 37, № 1. P. 39 – 48.
- 105. Yin, H. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine Shu!mai!tang on angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and cardiac function in rats with myocardial ischemia / H. Yin [et al.] // Phytother Res. 2009. Vol. 23, № 1. P. 92 – 98.
- 106. Yokoyama, Y. Endostatin binding to ovarian cancer cells inhibits peritoneal attachment and dissemination / Y. Yokoyama, G. Sedgewick, S. Ramakrishnan // Cancer Res. 2007. Vol. 67, № 22. P. 10813 – 10822.
- 107. Zhang, D. MR imaging of tumor angiogenesis using sterically stabilized Gd-DTPA liposomes targeted to CD105 / D. Zhang [et al.] // Eur J Radiol.2009. Vol. 70, № 1. P. 180 – 189.
- 108. Geissler E. [Lysogeny and viral cancerogenesis] // Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1967. Vol. 29, № 4. P. 355 – 372.
- 109. Mantur, M. Cell adhesion molecules and their participation in the process of inflammation and cancerogenesis / M. Mantur, J. Wojszel // Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2008. Vol. 24, № 140. P. 177 – 180.
- 110. Nowak, M. Ovarian cancer. I. Epidemiology, symptoms, FIGO staging /M. Nowak [et al.] // Ginekol Pol. 2000. Vol. 71, № 9. P. 1179 – 1183.
- 111. Sieminska, L. Adipose tissue. Pathophysiology, distribution, sex differences and the role in inflammation and cancerogenesis / L. Sieminska [et al.] // Endokrynol Pol. 2007. Vol. 58, № 4. P. 330 – 342.
- 112. Leme, M. B. Assessment of angiogenesis expression and its relationship with prognosis of colorectal cancer by conventional and computer-assisted histopathological image analysis / M. B. Leme [et al.] // Acta Cir Bras. 2006. Vol. 21, № 6. P. 392 – 397.
- 113. Alibek, K. Viral cancerogenesis: current point of view / K. Alibek [et al.] // Lik Sprava. 2007. № 5 – 6. P. 3 – 25.
- 114. Podil’Chak, M. Cancerogenesis and chronic inflammation / M. Podil’Chak // Acta Biol Med Ger. 1962. Vol. 8. P. 559 – 572.
- 115. Hudym Levkovych, K. A. Cytological characteristics of mouse lymphatic nodes in viral cancerogenesis / K. A.Hudym!Levkovych [et al.] // Mikrobiol Zh. 1976. Vol. 38, № 6. P. 722 – 726.